Sleeve gastrectomy is a principal surgical methodology employed in bariatric and metabolic surgery, involving the vertical resection of approximately 75-85% of the stomach to form a narrow, tube-like pouch. As a significant research concept, it is a subject of extensive investigation focused on understanding its complex physiological mechanisms (including hormonal changes), evaluating its efficacy and safety profile for weight loss and comorbidity resolution, analyzing long-term outcomes and potential complications, and refining patient selection criteria and postoperative management protocols within the field of severe obesity treatment.